Prohibition against use of a person's character, propensity, or disposition to show the person's conduct on a particular occasion; i.e., the prohibition against "circumstantial" character evidence, or the prohibition against "circumstantial" use of a person's character or propensity.

Cf. Siegal v. American Honda Motor Co., 921 F.2d 15, 16 (1st Cir. 1990) (plaintiff consumer filed a product liability action against defendant manufacturer for damages arising from a motorcycle accident; district court excluded the motorcycle from evidence and entered a summary judgment in...A thing or matter is sufficiently authenticated to be admissible in evidence if the authenticating evidence submitted to the trial court is sufficient -- strong enough -- to permit a reasonable jury or reasonable trier of fact to conclude that the proffered thing or matter is authentic, that the proffered thing or matter is what its proponent claims it is.

Feltrop v. Delo, 46 F.3d 766, pin? (8th Cir. 1995) (murder; trial court did not abridge criminal defendant's right to due process by ruling that six-year-old child, defendant's daughter, was incompetent to testify for the defense; the child was supposedly an eyewitness).A person may be disqualified from serving as a witness because of severe defects in the person's understanding or intelligence.

United States v. Tocco, 200 F.3d 401, 414-415 (6th Cir. 2000) (convictions for conspiracy in violation of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act (RICO); defendant argued that the district court erred in allowing Angelo to testify about his father's statements; convictions affirmed; held:...Federal Rule of Evidence of Evidence 804(b)(3) or a comparable State rule creates a hearsay exception for a statement which was at the time of its making so far contrary to the declarant's pecuniary or proprietary interest, or so far tended to subject the declarant to civil or criminal liability, or to render invalid a claim by the declarant against another, that a reasonable person in the declarant's position would not have made the statement unless believing it to be true. A statement tending to expose the declarant to criminal liability and offered to exculpate the accused is not admissible unless corroborating circumstances clearly indicate the trustworthiness of the statement.