If the witness to be impeached is not a criminal defendant, a trial court can exclude a conviction if the opponent shows that, under the standard set forth in Federal Rule of Evidence 403, the risk of prejudice or other harm substantially outweighs the probative value of the conviction; but if the witness to be impeached is a criminal defendant, the trial court must exclude the conviction if the offeror fails to show that the probative value of the conviction on the issue of the truthfulness of the witness (a criminal defendant) outweighs the risk of prejudice to the witness (a criminal defendant).

Brown v. Bowen, 668 F. Supp. 146, 150 (E.D.N.Y. 1987) (holding, in plaintiff daughter's claim for surviving child's insurance benefits, that the written acknowledgment of paternity by Otis Fultun was admissible....If the declarant is unavailable, Federal Rule of Evidence 804(b)(4) or a comparable State rules recognizes a hearsay exception for (A) A statement concerning the declarant's own birth, adoption, marriage, divorce, legitimacy, relationship by blood, adoption, or marriage, ancestry, or other similar fact of personal or family history, even though declarant had no means of acquiring personal knowledge of the matter stated; or (B) a statement concerning the foregoing matters, and death also, of another person, if the declarant was related to the other by blood, adoption, or marriage or was so intimately associated with the other's family as to be likely to have accurate information concerning the matter declared.

United States v. Puentes, 50 F.3d 1567, 1576-1577 (11th Cir. 1995) (upholding trial court's admission of the contents of the wiretap conversations because "the government properly authenticated the contents of the transcripts....A matter may be authenticated by the testimony of a witness who has personal knowledge that the matter is what its proponent claims it is.

United States v. Matthews, 20 F.3d 538, 545 (2d Cir. 1994) (upholding trial court'a admission at trial of witness Dunbar's testimony [about a co-defendant's out-of-court statements of defendant's participation in the....For purposes of the hearsay exceptions created by Federal Rule of Evidence 804 or a comparable State rule a declarant is "unavailable" within the meaning of Rule 804(a) or a comparable State rule if the declarant is exempted by ruling of the court on the ground of privilege from testifying concerning the subject matter of the declarant's statement.