The rule against the use of evidence about liability insurance on the issue of negligence or wrongful conduct applies to evidence about the insurance status of plaintiffs and claimants as well as the insurance status of defendants and alleged wrongdoers.

United States v. Mills, 895 F.2d 897, 907 (2d Cir. 1990) (upholding trial court's admission of accused's 1982 arrest and conviction for counterfeiting as proof of intent and identity where accused claimed absence of intent in accepting the bag of counterfeit bills, and the government, on rebuttal, showed...Evidence of another crime, wrong, or act is not barred by the prohibition against circumstantial use of character if such other crime, wrong, or act is offered to prove identity.

Washington v. Texas, 388 U.S. 14, pin? (1967).The right to due process guaranteed by the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments prohibits the exclusion of probative exculpatory evidence in criminal trials when exclusion of such evidence is unreasonable, arbitrary, or disproportionate.

United States v. Hilgeford, 7 F.3d 1340, 1345-1346 (7th Cir. 1993) (upholding trial court's admission into evidence of accused's prior failed litigation involving his farms where such evidence demonstrated accused's knowledge that "returns, premised as they are on his ownership of the property, were...Evidence of a criminal or wrongful act apart from the act that at issue at trial Is not barred by the prohibition against circumstantial use of character if intent, knowledge, mistake, or accident is a legally-material factual issue, the opposing party suggests the non-existence of knowledge or urges mistake or accident as a defense, and evidence of another crime, wrong, or act is offered to prove the knowledge or the absence of mistake or accident by a criminal defendant or other person.