The constitutional requirement that proof of criminal guilt be shown beyond a reasonable doubt is not a requirement that proof of guilt be conclusive, completely certain, or beyond any doubt.

In re Aircrash in Bali, Indonesia, 684 F.2d 1301, 1315 (9th Cir. 1982) (reversing judgment and remanding for new trial on the issue of willful misconduct in wrongful death action in which the trial court excluded evidence of pilot's training records and disallowed plaintiffs' expert to testify on the...The negligent or incompetent character of an agent or employee is an essential element of a negligent entrustment claim. If the negligent character or incompetence of the agent or employee is at issue, evidence about the negligence or incompetence of the agent or employee is not barred by the rule prohibiting the use of a person's character to show the person's conduct.

Fed. R. Evid. 803(8) ("Records, reports, statements, or data compilations, in any form, of public offices or agencies, setting forth (A) the activities of the office or agency, or (B) matters observed pursuant to duty imposed by law as to which matters there was a duty to report, excluding, however, in criminal cases matters observed by...An exception to the hearsay rule applies to the following records of government offices and agencies: (A) public records that set forth the activities of the government office or agency; (B) public records that set forth observations that a government office or agency was required to make and report but this exception does not apply in criminal cases to observations of police officers and other law enforcement personnel; or (C) in civil actions and proceedings and in criminal cases when offered against the government, factual findings resulting from an investigation made pursuant to authority granted by law, unless the sources of information or other circumstances indicate the untrustworthiness of such findings.

Cf. United States v. Glenn, 312 F.3d 58, 70 (2d Cir. 2002) (footnotes omitted: "Circumstantial evidence can be as compelling as direct evidence and a conviction can rest solely on circumstantial evidence. But the jury must have been presented with a sufficient evidentiary predicate to support the...Inferences based on inferences are permissible