Other attempted definitions of proof beyond a reasonable doubt

United States v. Vasquez, 858 F.2d 1387, 1392 (9th Cir. 1988) (upholding trial court's admission of officer's testimony identifying defendant's fingerprint which was found on a package of cocaine seized in his apartment....Handwriting or any other matter requiring authentication may be authenticated by having an expert witness compare the disputed handwriting or other matter with an authenticated specimen or exemplar and testifying that the author or maker of the disputed handwriting or other matter and the specimen or exemplar is the same person.

United States v. Perez-Perez, 72 F.3d 224, 227 (1st Cir. 1995) (criminal prosecution for deprivation of rights under color of law and for using a firearm during the commission of a crime of violence; on appeal court rejected defendant's argument that the trial court erred in not permitting the defense to...In the absence of a conviction against a witness, it is generally impermissible to impeach the witness with extrinisic evidence of an act of the witness if the sole purpose of offering the other is to attack the truthfulness of the witness. Evidence is of an act is "extrinsic" if evidence of the impeaching act can be had only by having another witness give evidence of the impeaching act.

Pinkham v. Burgess, 933 F.2d 1066, 1071-1072 (1st Cir. 1991) (holding, in plaintiff's action against defendant attorney for negligent representation that evidence consisting of plaintiff's testimony about the extent of....The rule limiting the admissibility evidence about liability insurance applies both to evidence showing the absence of liability insurance and to evidence showing the existence of liability insurance.