The authentication requirement imposed by rules such as Federal Rule of Evidence 901(a) may be satisfied by other methods of authentication that are authorized by applicable legislation or by other applicable rules promulgated pursuant to statutory authority.

United States v. Murphy, 768 F.2d 1518, 1535 (7th Cir. 1985) (upholding the trial court's admission of evidence which established overt acts of conspiracy; held, "accused's character and reputation were in controversy in this case. He put on a parade of character witnesses, and the prosecution was...If a criminal defendant offers evidence of his or her character circumstantially - to show he or she did not commit the crime charged -- the prosecution can offer rebutting evidence of defendant's character.

Fed. R. Evid. 609(a)(1) (conviction for major crime, as defined by Rule 609, to impeach a witness other than a criminal defendant, admissible "subject to Rule 403").Evidence of untruthfulness may be excluded as unduly prejudicial under the standards laid down in rules such as the federal "undue prejudice" rule codified by Federal Rule of Evidence 403. However, if specific rules governing impeachment call for the use of different prejudice standards, the standards set forth in those specific rules govern rather than the standards set forth in a general undue prejudice rule such as Federal Rule of Evidence 403.

United States v. Russo, 302 F.3d 37, 46 (2d Cir. 2002) (upholding trial court's admission into evidence of Parlagreco's testimony about the declarations by non-defendant members of the Colombo family as....A statement by a co-conspirator of a party is not barred by the hearsay rule from being admitted against the party if the statement was made by the co-conspirator during the course and in furtherance of the conspiracy.