Habit of a person and routine practice of an organization

United States v. Ramos-Oseguera, 120 F.3d 1028, 1034 n.1 (9th Cir. 1997) (convictions for defendants' participation in multiple heroin distribution offenses; defendants contended that Reyes's trial transcripts were improperly admitted at the Ramos trial; defendant convictions (except for two...In a criminal trial the spouse of the defendant has a privilege not to testify at the trial of the defendant or the defendant has a privilege to prevent a spouse from testifying. This privilege is called, variously, the marital privilege, the marital testimony privilege, or the adverse spousal testimony privilege.

United States v. Dring, 930 F.2d 687, 693-694 (9th Cir. 1991) (on appeal court rejected defendant's argument that the Government's deportation of the eleven alien eyewitnesses violated his fifth amendment right to due process and his sixth amendment right to compulsory process; "In cases of...The exclusion of exculpatory evidence in a criminal trial does not violate the due constitutional right to present a defense if the grounds for exclusion are not arbitrary or disproportionate.

United States v. Leight, 818 F.2d 1297, 1305 (7th Cir. 1987) (conviction for murder in the second degree for causing the death of her infant son on a military reservation; defendant challenged the admission of the x-ray film; conviction affirmed; held: "even if the x-ray copy is not an 'original' but...A duplicate is a counterpart produced (a) from the same impression as the original; (b) from the same matrix; (c) by means of photography, including enlargements and miniatures; (d) by mechanical or electronic re-recording; (e) by chemical reproduction; or (f) by equivalent techniques that accurately reproduce the original.