The relevance rule and the undue prejudice rule

United States v. Diaz, 961 F.2d 1417, 1419-1420 (9th Cir. 1992) (affirming conviction for possession with intent to distribute cocaine, holding that "accused's propensity to commit crimes is an admissible character trait ... accused's propensity to engage in large scale drug dealing, however, is not an...A criminal defendant may offer a pertinent trait of his or her character circumstantially -- to show the defendant's doing or non-doing of a specific act.

Desert Palace, Inc. v. Costa, 539 U.S. 90, pin? (2003) (some earlier federal case law had required "direct" evidence to show impermissible motive in certain discrimination cases; _Desert Palace_ narrowed or eliminated the situations in which any such "direct evidence"...Inferences based on inferences are permissible

United States v. Feliz, 467 F.3d 227, 236-237 (2d Cir. 2006) (convictions for numerous crimes including racketeering activities, conspiring to violate racketeering laws, and using and carrying firearms in connection with the murders and conspiracies to commit murder; defendant argued that the admission of...no