Main phases of proof & their scope; phases of witness interrogation and their scope; form of witness interrogation; foundations & offers of evidence; objections; rulings on evidence offers and on objections; offers of proof after adverse rulings on offers of evidence.

Cf. Bemis v. Edwards, 45 F.3d 1369, 1372 (9th Cir. 1995) (upholding trial court's exclusion of neighbor's statements on the 911 tapes because it was hearsay as (1) "[neighbor] was not a testifying witness;" and (2)....A prior statement is exempt from the federal hearsay rule and is admissible to prove the truth of the matter asserted by the declarant with the prior statement if the prior statement was made under oath in another proceeding and if the prior statement is inconsistent with the declararant's testimony or with the admitted hearsay statement of the declarant.

United States v. Walker, 428 F.3d 1165, 1168-1170 (8th Cir. 2005) (upholding trial court's admission of accused's 1994 conviction for making terroristic threats because it was relevant to his motive and intent as part of the history of accused's relationship with Crawford).Evidence that helps tell a factual story in an intelligible way or that puts the evidence or the issues in the case in a meaningful or intelligible context is "relevant."

Weil v. Seltzer, 873 F.2d 1453, 1460 (D.C. Cir. 1989) (vacating judgment in survival and wrongful death action in which the trial court allowed the testimony of physician's former patients as evidence of habit, on ground that such evidence was admitted for improper purpose of showing that the physician...If a pattern of behavior of a natural person does not rise to the status of a habit, it may constitute a character trait and such non-habitual behavior may be barred by the prohibition against circumstantial character evidence.