The right to due process guaranteed by the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments prohibits the exclusion of probative exculpatory evidence in criminal trials when exclusion of such evidence is unreasonable, arbitrary, or disproportionate.

United States v. Lopez, 340 F.3d 169, 175-177 (3d Cir. 2003) (reversing convictions for possession of heroin, and possession of contraband by an inmate because "the challenged statements constituted inadmissible hearsay,....Hearsay is a statement that (i) is made other than at the trial or proceeding at which it is offered and (ii) is offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted by the maker of the statement, the declarant.

Grossman v. United States, 614 F.2d 295, 297 (1st Cir. 1980) (upholding trial court's admission into evidence of the catalog of the cigarette lighter manufacturers as a commercial publication because it was "a published....There is a hearsay exception for market quotations, directories, or similar published compilations that are generally used and relied upon either by the public or by members of particular occupations.

United States v. McHorse, 179 F.3d 889, 902 (10th Cir. 1999) (upholding the trial court's ruling which allowed the prosecutor's inquiry on cross-examination of accused and his son on specific incidents involving his daughter and half-sister because their testimony of accused's character or pertinent trait...Although a character witness who testifies to the reputation of another person or gives an opinion of the character of another person cannot testify to specific instances of that person's conduct to bolster the character witness's testimony, an opposing party may question the character witness about specific instances of the person's conduct to show that the character witness' testimony about the character of the person was not well-founded.