Does the prohibition against circumstantial character evidence -- against the use of character or propensity to show conduct on a particular occasion -- apply to non-parties?

Williamson v. United States, 512 U.S. 594, pin? (1994).A statement falls within the federal hearsay exception for statements against interest only if the statement at the time of its making so far contrary to the declarant's pecuniary or proprietary interest, or so far tended to subject the declarant to civil or criminal liability, or to render invalid a claim by the declarant against another, that a reasonable person in the declarant's position would not have made the statement unless believing it to be true.

United States v. Orellana-Blanco, 294 F.3d 1143, 1149 (9th Cir. 2002) (reversing conviction for marriage fraud and making a false statement on an immigration document because the trial court erroneously admitted a report made by....An exception to the hearsay rule applies to the following records of government offices and agencies: (A) public records that set forth the activities of the government office or agency; (B) public records that set forth observations that a government office or agency was required to make and report but this exception does not apply in criminal cases to observations of police officers and other law enforcement personnel; or (C) in civil actions and proceedings and in criminal cases when offered against the government, factual findings resulting from an investigation made pursuant to authority granted by law, unless the sources of information or other circumstances indicate the untrustworthiness of such findings.

Connelly v. Hyundai Motor Corp., 351 F.3d 535, 537 (1st Cir. 2003) (An action arising from the wrongful death of a minor child. The court held that the evidence of the driver's prior tickets for not using his seat belt was precluded under Fed. R. Evid. 404(b) as it merely suggested that he likely failed...The prohibition against circumstantial use of character -- the use of character or disposition to show conduct on a particular occasion -- applies in trials of civil actions.