Whether demonstrative evidence or visual aids such as diagrams and charts are evidence.

United States v. Brun, 416 F.3d 703, 707 (8th Cir. 2005) (upholding trial court's admission of Carlson's and Oakgrove's statements which did not violate defendant's rights under the Confrontation Clause because the....The right of confrontation guaranteed by the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution puts no constraints on the admissibility of nontestimonial hearsay statements; the federal constitutional right of confrontation does not apply to such statements.

Cf. Forn v. Hornung, 343 F.3d 990, 995-999 (9th Cir. 2003) (upholding trial court's denial of the habeas corpus petition because even though the court erroneously admitted accomplice's November 13 statement which did....A statement that exposes a declarant (other than the defendant) to criminal liability is admissible under the hearsay exception for statements against interest to exculpate a criminal defendant only if corroborating circumstances show that the statement is trustworthy.

United States v. Cawthorn, 429 F.3d 793, 801-802 (8th Cir. 2005) ("The district court here denied Cawthorn the ability to ask prosecution witnesses questions such as ?Do you lie to authorities??; ?Would you lie to authorities to get something for it??; and ?Do you generally lie?? These questions are...During the cross-examination of a witness -- and during any examination of a witness who is a permissible target for impeachment -- the witness may be asked about specific acts that are indicative of the witness's untruthfulness if such acts are relevant to and probative of the witness' truthfulness or untruthfulness, unless the trial court determines that the acts inquired into are unduly prejudicial.