A scheme to dupe the accused into participating in criminal activity has been held to be relevant under the circumstances.

United States v. McGlory, 968 F.2d 309, 328 (3d Cir. 1992) (upholding trial court's admission of the notes and scraps of paper seized from defendant's trash and his residences because "the government's handwriting....Handwriting or any other matter requiring authentication may be authenticated by having an expert witness compare the disputed handwriting or other matter with an authenticated specimen or exemplar and testifying that the author or maker of the disputed handwriting or other matter and the specimen or exemplar is the same person.

United States v. Gregg, 451 F.3d 930, 934-935 (8th Cir. 2008) (upholding trial court's exclusion of specific instances of victim's prior violent conduct to prove that the victim was the aggressor in the altercation because the victim's violent character was not an essential element of the accused's claim...Propensity, or character, is admissible if character is an essential element of a claim, charge, or defense.

Urico v. Parnell Oil Co., 708 F.2d 852, 854 (1st Cir. 1983) (holding in plaintiff truck owners' action against defendant tortfeasor's employer for damages, that evidence of detailed settlement discussions [between the....Although settlement negotiations and offers are inadmissible (i) to show the validity or invalidity of a claim when validity is in dispute, (ii) to show the amount of damages when the amount is in dispute, or (iii) to impeach by showing a prior inconsistent statement or specific contradiction, they are admissible when they are offered to support or oppose a claim based on a settlement agreement.