The right of confrontation guaranteed by the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution puts no constraints on the admissibility of nontestimonial hearsay statements; the federal constitutional right of confrontation does not apply to such statements.

United States v. Fabric Garment Co., 366 F.2d 530, 534 (2d Cir. 1966) (holding, in federal government's conversion action against contractors, that evidence of contractors' prior criminal convictions was admissible because....There is a hearsay exception for evidence of a final judgment, entered after a trial or upon a plea of guilty (but not upon a plea of nolo contendere), adjudging a person guilty of a crime punishable by death or imprisonment in excess of one year, to prove any fact essential to sustain the judgment, but not including, when offered by the Government in a criminal prosecution for purposes other than impeachment, judgments against persons other than the accused.

Manzer v. Diamond Shamrock Chemicals Co., 29 F.3d 1078, 1085 (6th Cir. 1994) (plaintiff employee filed an action against defendant employer alleging violation of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act; district court issued an order which directed a verdict in favor of defendant employer; plaintiff...The rule requiring the use of the original writing to prove the contents of the writing -- the best evidence rule -- is inapplicable if the writing goes to a collateral matter or if -- in other words -- the writing is not closely related to a controlling issue.

United States v. Koziy, 728 F.2d 1314, 1322 (11th Cir. 1984) (holding, in plaintiff US government's action against defendant for revocation of citizenship and cancellation of certificate of naturalization, that the trial....Federal Rule of Evidence 803(16) and comparable State rules create a hearsay exception for statements in an authenticated document that is more than a certain number of years old, typically twenty years.